영어 문장 구조, "To say of what is that it is not, or of what is ..."

To say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true. 
- Aristotle -

 

그런 것을 그렇지 않다고 말하거나 그렇지 않은 것을 그렇다고 말하는 것은 거짓이며, 그런 것을 그렇다고 말하거나 그렇지 않은 것을 그렇지 않다고 말하는 것은 참이다.

 

①

say something to someone

· She said goodbye to all her friends.

say to someone that-clause

· Doctors say (that) these pandemic side effects are serious problems.

say of/about something that-clause

 

say + a phrase + that-clause

· say + "of what is (not)" + "that it is (not)"

 

[ To say ( of what is ) that it is not, or ( of what is not ) that it is ], is false,

while

[ to say ( of what is ) that it is, and ( of what is not ) that it is not ], is true.​

 

②

of someone/something : about someone/something

say of : speak about

​

③

what is : something that is/exists

​

④

A phrase is a group of words that does not consist of a subject and a verb.

A clause is a group of words that consists of a subject and a verb

​

⑤

[ to say that-clause ] is true/false

---

To say

[ of what is ] + [ that it is not ], /

or

[ of what is not ] + [ that it is ], /

is false,

​

while /

​

to say

[ of what is ] + [ that it is ], /

and

[ of what is not ] + [ that it is not ], /

is true.

 

For example, assuming that it is the case that snow is white, and that it is not the case that snow is blue, then we speak falsely if we say that snow is not white, or if we say that it is blue. And we speak truly if we say that snow is white, or if we say that snow is not blue. It is not clear whether he has a so-called correspondence theory of truth in mind, or something more like a deflationary theory, since he is not clear about what aspect of reality is responsible for truth or falsity. [출처] The Logic Museum, Truth (Aristotle) - The Logic Museum